- #REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION BLOCS FULL#
- #REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION BLOCS PLUS#
- #REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION BLOCS FREE#
Haiti holds the status of “special guest”. In January 2010, Honduras pulled out of the bloc and in October 2011, Syria became an “allied member”. In the following years, this group was joined by Bolivia, Nicaragua, Honduras, Dominica, Ecuador, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Lucia, Surinam and Saint Kitts and Nevis. It was set up in 2004 through an agreement signed in Havana by Venezuela and Cuba.
#REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION BLOCS FREE#
It was proposed by the President of Venezuela, Hugo Chávez, as an alternative to the Free Trade Area for the Americas (Spanish acronym: ALCA), backed at that time by the United States. The Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of our America (Spanish acronym: ALBA) is an initiative promoted by Venezuela to integrate countries in Latin America and the Caribbean based on solidarity and on the complementary nature of national economies. Honduras currently holds the Pro-Tempore Presidency. Honduras’ membership was suspended between June 2009 and July 2010, as a result of the ousting from power of its President, Manuel Zelaya.
#REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION BLOCS FULL#
Its full members are Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Honduras, Belize and, since 2013, the Dominican Republic. The Central American System Integration (Spanish acronym: SICA) was set up on 13 December 1991 through the Protocol of Tegucigalpa at the Summit of Central American Presidents, as an endeavour by nations to boost integration in the region. The Colombian national, Ernesto Samper, is its Secretary-General. Uruguay has held the Pro-Tempore Presidency since December 2014. UNASUR was set up as an organisation for political dialogue, has a population of 392 million inhabitants and a surface area of 17 million km2. It is made up of 12 South American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay, Venezuela and Paraguay. The Union of South American Nations (Spanish acronym: UNASUR) was set up at the Isla Margarita Summit (Venezuela) on 17 April 2007, as a legacy of the Community of South American Nations (Spanish acronym: CSN). The Bahamas currently holds the Pro-Tempore Presidency of the CARICOM.
#REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION BLOCS PLUS#
12 of the CARICOM nations, plus the Dominican Republic, signed the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the EU in 2008. 11 of them are island States: Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Granada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat (British colony), Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vicente and the Grenadines, Saint Lucia, Surinam (former Dutch Guyana), Trinidad and Tobago and Haiti, although the latter pulled out temporarily between 20. The CARICOM (Caribbean Community) is made up of 15 countries, almost all of them former British colonies, and hence English-speaking communities. Spain has held the status of observer since August 2011. The Pro-Tempore Presidency is currently held by Colombia. In 2013, a process to reform the CAN was launched, based on the concentration of activities around certain priorities (trade integration, SMEs, electricity interconnections, Andean citizenship) and institutional simplification. Furthermore, Peru and Colombia have signed a Free Trade Agreement (Multiparty Agreement) – currently being provisionally applied – with the EU this Multiparty Agreement is open to the other members of the CAN. Colombia, Ecuador and Peru are also associate members of MERCOSUR. In 2004, a Free Trade Agreement was signed between CAN and MERCOSUR (Economic Complementation Agreement). The CAN’s main achievement has been the creation of a Free Trade Zone that was completed in January 2006. This is the oldest integration process in the region (set up in 1969). The Andean Community of Nations (Spanish acronym: CAN) is comprised of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. The European Union (EU) seeks to negotiate an Association Agreement with MERCOSUR which, in addition to stepping up cooperation and political dialogue between the two blocs, includes a Free Trade Treaty. MERCOSUR brings together 75% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of South America. At the Brasilia Summit in December 2012, Bolivia signed the Protocol of Accession. It is comprised of Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and Venezuela, a country incorporated as a full member in its own right in 2012. The Southern Common Market (Spanish acronym: MERCOSUR) was set up on 26 March 1991 by the Treaty of Asunción.
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